Classification of Instructional Media

The process of learning is essentially a process of communication, which is the process of delivering a message (content or teaching materials) from the source of the message through the channel / media specific to the recipient (student / learner or teacher perhaps). Delivery of messages can be done through a communication symbols symbols verbal and non-verbal or visual, which we do now interpreted by the receiver of the message (Criticos, 1996).

Therefore the message (content or teaching materials) to make it more acceptable to learners or students should use instructional media. Expected with the use of learning resources in the form of instructional media, the process of communication in teaching and learning activities take place more effectively (Gagne, 1985) and efficient.

Understanding media still often confused with the equipment. Media is software or materials contain educational messages or information typically presented using equipment. While the equipment or hardware itself is a means to display the message contained in the media.

Various classifications of instructional media

Various ways can be done to classify and identify the media. According to the form information is used, you can separate and classify media renderer into five major groups, namely visual media silence, motion visual media, audio media, audio-visual media silence, motion and audio-visual media. Classification of these media can be a basis for distinguishing processes which is used for presenting the message, how it sounds and images received, whether through direct vision, projection optics, electronics or telecommunications projection.

While Edgar Dale held a media pembelajarn classification according to the level of the most concrete to the most abstract.

Classification is then known as the "cone of experience" of Edgar Dale and widely adopted in determining media, tools and props are most appropriate for the learning experience.

Classification of learning media by experts:

1. Classification of learning media by Azhar Arshad

Classification of learning resources is not much different from the shape. Classification of learning resources according to the Degeng Azhar Arshad (2006) are as follows:

Message (What information is transmitted?)

People (Who / What do the transmission?)

Materials (Who / What store information?)

Tool (Who / What store information?)

Techniques (How information is transmitted?)

Environment / Background (Where is transmitted?)

2. Classification of learning media by Rudy Bretz

Rudy Bretz, classifies the media by its constituent sounds, visual (in the form of images, lines, and symbols), and motion. In addition, also, Bretz distinguish between broadcast media (telecommunications) and recording media (recording). Thus, according to the taxonomy of Bretz grouped media menjasi 8 categories: 1) motion audio-visual media, 2) audio-visual media silence, 3) semi-motion audio media, 4) visual motion media, 5) visual media silence, 6) semi motion media , 7) audio media, and 8) the print media.

3. Classification according Sudjana instructional media and Ahmad Rifa'i

Sudjana and Rifa'i Ahmad distinguish or classify media into four groups, namely graphic media (two-dimensional), such as images, photographs, and graphics. Three-dimensional media, such as stacking models and working models. Media projections, such as OHP and media environment (nature).

4. Classification of learning media according to R. Thomas Murry

According to R. Thomas Murry media classified by level of experience, namely: (1) Experience of the original object (reliefe experience), for example a ball. (2) Experience of mock objects (sudstitude of reliefe experience) such as images and photos. (3) Experience of the words (word only), such as books and radio programs.

5. Classification of learning media by Soeparno

Media classification based on its characteristics, can be divided into: (a) the media has a single characteristic, such as the radio. (B) which has the characteristics of multiple media, such as movies and TV.

Classification based on dimensional media presentation, which can be divided into: (a) Length of presentation is a presentation at a glance, such as the TV, and the presentation was a glimpse, for example OHP. (B) the presentation of the continuous nature of the presentation, such as a TV, and the presentation is not continuous, such as OHP.

Media classification based on the wearer, dapatdibedakan be (a) based on the number of users, which is a medium to large classes, small classes and individual learning, (b) based on age and educational level of the user, ie the media for kindergarten, elementary, junior high, high school, and PT .

Actually there are many more classifications of instructional media that have been expressed by experts, but maybe that's all I can describe here. Hopefully next time I can share more about the classification of other learning media.